Lifestyle modification improves risk factors in type 2 diabetes relatives

• Published in: Diabetes research and clinical practice 2005-04, Vol.68 (1), p.18-28
• Main Authors: Brekke, Hilde K., Lenner, Ragnhild A., Taskinen, Marja-Riitta, Månsson, Jan-Eric, Funahashi, Tohru, Matsuzawa, Yuji, Jansson, Per-Anders
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Counseling; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - prevention & control; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; epidemiology; Exercise; Family; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Intervention; Interviews; Interviews as Topic; Male; Medical and Health Sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Middle Aged; prevention & control; Relatives; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Type 2
• ISSN: 0168-8227; 1872-8227
• DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.07.023

To investigate the short-term (16 weeks) effect of lifestyle intervention on insulin sensitivity, anthropometric and metabolic variables in non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (FDR). Seventy-seven (49 male, 28 female) FDR were allocated to one of three groups, diet (D-group; n = 25), diet and exercise (DE-group; n = 30) or control group (C-group; n = 22). Lifestyle counselling was based on current nutrition recommendations, including increased intake of fatty fish and low glycaemic index foods. Group counselling was given on two occasions with follow-up through telephone interviews every 10 days. Assessments included insulin sensitivity index ( S i), anthropometry, lipid parameters, circulating leptin and adiponectin levels. The D-group reduced total cholesterol (−0.31 mmol/l, P = 0.024), LDL cholesterol (−0.22 mmol/l, P = 0.021) and apolipoprotein B (−9.5 mg/dl, P = 0.009) levels, whereas the DE-group decreased body weight (−2.1%, P = 0.030) and waist circumference (−3.0 cm, P < 0.001) versus controls. A 13% reduction in fasting insulin was observed in the DE-group, but no significant improvement in S i in D-group or DE-group was observed. A subgroup, adherent to diet and who increased exercise, significantly improved S i and lipid profile. The improved metabolic risk profile in FDR suggests that lifestyle changes can be effective in individuals at high risk to develop type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.