Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction welded carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718)

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of minerals, metallurgy and materials metallurgy and materials, 2021, Vol.28 (1), p.111-119
Main Authors: Gaikwad, V. T., Mishra, M. K., Hiwarkar, V. D., Singh, R. K. P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Base metal
Boundaries
Carbon steel
Carbon steels
Ceramics
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry and Materials Science
Composites
Cooling
Corrosion and Coatings
Crystal defects
Electron back scatter
Ethanol
Friction
Friction welding
Glass
Grain boundaries
Grain refinement
Grain size
Hardness
Heat affected zone
Materials Science
Mechanical properties
Metallic Materials
Metals
Microhardness
Microstructure
Natural Materials
Nickel
Nickel base alloys
Phase transitions
Precipitates
Stainless steel
Superalloys
Surfaces and Interfaces
Tensile tests
Thin Films
Titanium alloys
Tribology
Twin boundaries
Welded joints
Welding
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Summary:Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.
ISSN:1674-4799
1869-103X
DOI:10.1007/s12613-020-2008-1