Progress in Significant Soil Science Fields of China over the Last Three Decades： A Review

• Published in: Pedosphere 2011-02, Vol.21 (1), p.1-10
• Main Authors: ZHAO, Qi-Guo, HE, Ji-Zheng, YAN, Xiao-Yuan, ZHANG, Bin, ZHANG, Gan-Lin, CAI, Zu-Cong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: global change; Oryza sativa; soil biology; soil fertility; soil resources; 中国土壤; 中国科学家; 全球气候变化; 土地资源利用; 土壤生物学; 土壤科学; 土壤系统分类
• ISSN: 1002-0160; 2210-5107
• DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0160(10)60073-2

Due to continuous decreases in arable land area and continuous population increases, Chinese soil scientists face great challenges in meeting food demands, mitigating adverse environmental impacts, and sustaining or enhancing soil productivity under intensive agriculture. With the aim of promoting the application of soil science knowledge, this paper reviews the achievements of Chinese scientists in soil resource use and management, soil fertility, global change mitigation and soil biology over the last 30 years. During this period, soil resource science has provided essential support for the use and exploitation of Chinese soil resources, and has itself developed through introduction of new theories such as Soil Taxonomy and new technologies such as remote sensing. Soil fertility science has contributed to the alleviation and elimination of impeding physical and chemical factors that constrain availability of essential nutrients and water in soils, the understanding of nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, and the increase in nutrient use efficiency for sustainable crop production. Chinese soil scientists have contributed to the understanding of the cropland＇s role in global change, particularly to the understanding of methane and nitrous oxide emission from rice fields and the effect of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on rice-wheat system. Soil biology research has progressed in biological N fixation, distribution of fauna in Chinese soils, and bioremediation of polluted soils. A new generation of soil scientists has arisen in the last three decades. The gaps between research and application in these soil science fields are also discussed.