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The effect of incorporating domain knowledge with deep learning in identifying benign and malignant gastric whitish lesions: A retrospective study

Background and Aim Early whitish gastric neoplasms can be easily misdiagnosed; differential diagnosis of gastric whitish lesions remains a challenge. We aim to build a deep learning (DL) model to diagnose whitish gastric neoplasms and explore the effect of adding domain knowledge in model constructi...

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Published in:Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2024-07, Vol.39 (7), p.1343-1351
Main Authors: Zeng, Xiaoquan, Yang, Lang, Dong, Zehua, Gong, Dexin, Li, Yanxia, Deng, Yunchao, Du, Hongliu, Li, Xun, Xu, Youming, Luo, Chaijie, Wang, Junxiao, Tao, Xiao, Zhang, Chenxia, Zhu, Yijie, Jiang, Ruiqing, Yao, Liwen, Wu, Lianlian, Jin, Peng, Yu, Honggang
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Background and Aim Early whitish gastric neoplasms can be easily misdiagnosed; differential diagnosis of gastric whitish lesions remains a challenge. We aim to build a deep learning (DL) model to diagnose whitish gastric neoplasms and explore the effect of adding domain knowledge in model construction. Methods We collected 4558 images from two institutions to train and test models. We first developed two sole DL models (1 and 2) using supervised and semi‐supervised algorithms. Then we selected diagnosis‐related features through literature research and developed feature‐extraction models to determine features including boundary, surface, roundness, depression, and location. Then predictions of the five feature‐extraction models and sole DL model were combined and inputted into seven machine‐learning (ML) based fitting‐diagnosis models. The optimal model was selected as ENDOANGEL‐WD (whitish‐diagnosis) and compared with endoscopists. Results Sole DL 2 had higher sensitivity (83.12% vs 68.67%, Bonferroni adjusted P = 0.024) than sole DL 1. Adding domain knowledge, the decision tree performed best among the seven ML models, achieving higher specificity than DL 1 (84.38% vs 72.27%, Bonferroni adjusted P 
ISSN:0815-9319
1440-1746
1440-1746
DOI:10.1111/jgh.16525